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Serbia is a country located in southeastern Europe, with a rich and complex history that spans over thousands of years.
From the ancient times of the Illyrians and the Romans, through the medieval era of the Serb Empire, to the turbulent 20th century marked by the world wars and the struggle for independence, Serbia has always been an important player in the region and beyond.
One of the earliest known inhabitants of what is now Serbia were the Illyrians, a group of tribes who lived in the western Balkans from the 6th century BC until the Roman conquest in the 2nd century BC.
The Romans established the province of Illyricum, which covered parts of modern-day Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and built roads, cities, and fortresses across the region.
One of the most famous Roman sites in Serbia is the ancient city of Sirmium, located near the present-day city of Sremska Mitrovica.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Balkans were invaded by various tribes, including the Slavs who settled in the area in the 6th and 7th centuries.
The Slavic tribes were organized into several independent states, among which was the Serbian state that emerged in the 9th century under the leadership of the Vlastimirović dynasty.
The most prominent ruler of medieval Serbia was Stefan Nemanja, who founded the Nemanjić dynasty and expanded the Serbian territory by conquering neighboring lands.
During the reign of Stefan Dušan in the 14th century, Serbia reached its peak of power and influence, becoming a major player in the Balkans and rendering homage to the emperors of Constantinople.
However, the glory of medieval Serbia was short-lived, as the Ottoman Turks invaded the Balkans in the late 14th century and occupied Serbia in 1459.
For centuries, Serbia remained under Ottoman rule, suffering from wars, oppression, and forced Islamization.
However, the spirit of resistance and national identity persisted among the Serbs, as evidenced by the uprisings and rebellions throughout the Ottoman period, such as the First Serbian Uprising in 1804 led by Karađorđe Petrović and the Second Serbian Uprising in 1815 led by Miloš Obrenović.
In the 19th century, Serbia gained autonomy from the Ottoman Empire and became a modern, independent state recognized by the European powers
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